Is Breath Best? A Systematic Review on the Accuracy and Utility of Nanotechnology Based Breath Analysis of Ketones in Type 1 Diabetes

Is Breath Best? A Systematic Review on the Accuracy and Utility of Nanotechnology Based Breath Analysis of Ketones in Type 1 Diabetes

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Timely ketone detection in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is critical for the effective management of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA).This systematic review evaluates the current literature on breath-based analysis for ketone detection in T1DM, highlighting nanotechnology as a potential for a non-invasive alternative to blood-based ketone measurements.A comprehensive search across 5 databases identified 11 studies meeting inclusion Influence of Urban Microclimate on Air-Conditioning Energy Needs and Indoor Thermal Comfort in Houses criteria, showcasing various breath analysis techniques, such as semiconducting gas sensors, colorimetry, and nanoparticle-based chemo-resistive sensors.These studies report high sensitivity and correlation between breath acetone (BrAce) levels and blood ketones, with some demonstrating accuracies up to 94.

7% and correlations reaching R2 values as high as 0.98.However, significant heterogeneity in methodologies and cut-off values limits device comparability and precludes meta-analysis.Despite these challenges, the findings indicate that BrAce monitoring could offer significant clinical benefits by enabling the earlier detection of ketone buildup, reducing DKA-related hospitalisations and healthcare costs.

Standardising BrAce measurement techniques and sensitivity thresholds is essential to broaden clinical Reducing Cognitive Load and Improving Warfighter Problem Solving With Intelligent Virtual Assistants adoption.This review underscores the promise of nanotechnology-based breath analysis as a transformative tool for DKA management, with potential utility across varied ketotic conditions.